A crystal is a solid with a periodic atomic structure and a deviation from the periodicity of the crystal lattice is called a defect. Crystalline defects include point defects (e.g. colour centres) ...

Topologically protected vortex knots are shown to undergo fusion and fission, with electric pulses acting as a switch between the two processes. This might enable applications in electro-optics and ...

Caroline Banton has 6+ years of experience as a writer of business and finance articles. She also writes biographies for Story Terrace. David Kindness is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and an ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J Catalano is a CFP and Registered ...